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So He prepared—Allah brought him forth—at a time when the Islamic world was
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So He prepared—Allah brought him forth—at a time when the Islamic world was
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sinking in a deep sleep of heedlessness and blind following,
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and the spread of the newly-invented Bidʿahs which
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had accumulated in his era. Correct.
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That there were among the jurists a large number, a great number of jurists, who gave attention
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to Fiqh only, and they did not give attention to the matters of ʿAqīdah, nor did they concern themselves with that.
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Rather, they only proceeded upon what those before them proceeded upon from
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the people of desires, except those upon whom Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, had mercy. So in
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his time, speech concerning the Attributes of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, overwhelmed the Muslims,
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because of the spread of ʿIlm al-Kalām and the science of logic, which
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many of those who built their beliefs relied upon
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upon its proofs, and upon its premises and its conclusions.
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And they called them the intellectual evidences, and they did not give attention to the evidences of the Qurʾān and the Sunnah
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in the chapter of the Names and Attributes. They said: because they do not give certainty,
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but rather—I seek refuge with Allah—
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they give probability. As for the certain evidences, then they are ʿIlm al-Kalām
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and the proofs of logic, according to their claim. So great misguidance occurred, and the Madhhab
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of the Jahmiyyah and its derivatives spread. So there occurred in this chapter a tremendous confusion in
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the chapter of the Names and Attributes.
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The Madhhab of the Jahmiyyah, the Muʿtazilah, the Ashʿariyyah, and many of the sects spread.
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opposition to the methodology of the Salaf, and this became the prevailing methodology in
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that time. Just as the Qadariyyah spread—those who deny al-Qadar—or
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go to extremes in affirming it, and they are the Jabriyyah. And in Tawḥīd al-Ilāhiyyah there spread
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graves, Sufism, and building over the graves;
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and the shrines. So the graves became idols
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worshipped besides Allah, circumambulated around,
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and blessings sought through them, and from the dead rescue and fulfillment of needs is sought,
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and relief from distresses, by dictation from the enemies of Islam, promotion from the enemies of
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Islam. And blind following spread in Fiqh—the blind following which
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the saying is taken in it without knowing its evidence.
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Rather, indeed many of those who study Fiqh
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show fanatic attachment to his Imām, even if his saying opposes the evidence, because
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the scholars are not infallible; mistakes occur from them in their Ijtihād. So what is important
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is that we take what the evidence is established upon, without looking at
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so-and-so or such-and-such. But the affair was contrary to that, so
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those who study Fiqh—each one followed what his Imām said, without
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scrutiny. And this is what is called blind Taqlīd and rigidity which covered over
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and became abundant in that time. So Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon him, appeared
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in this atmosphere in which the trials were crashing against one another.